Carl Winter Ph.D.

Carl K. Winter Ph.D

Extension Food Toxicologist

• Toxicological consequences of pesticide residues and other contaminants in foods, influding risk assessment
• Regulation and public policy of pesticide residues and contaminants
• Naturally-occurring food toxins
• Bio-analytical toxicology

• Ph.D. 1987 Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of California, Davis.
• B.S. 1980 Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis (Highest Honors)

• 1999-present Extension Food Toxicologist, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis. Major areas of interest: Toxicological consequences of pesticide residues, mycotoxins, and other contaminants in foods, Risk assessment, risk communication, food safety regulation, and public policy.
• 1993-1999 Associate Extension Food Toxicologist, University of California, Davis.
• 1992-present Director, FoodSafe Program, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis.
• 1991-1992 Assistant Extension Food Toxicologist, University of California, Davis.
• 1987-1991 Assistant Extension Toxicologist, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside.
• 1985 Science Writer, Richmond Times-Dispatch newspaper, Richmond, VA (American Association of Mass Media Science and Engineering Fellowship)
• 1980-1984 Environmental Hazards Specialist, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA

• Institute of Food Technologists
  • Member, Government Relations Committee, 2005-present
  • Chair, Food Science Communicators, 2001-2002
  • Food Science Communicator, 1993 - present
  • Distinguished Lecturer, 1999-2003
  • Chair, Toxicology and Safety Evaluation Division, 1998-1999
  • Executive Committee, Toxicology and Safety Evaluation Division, 1993-1996
  • Member, Expert Panel on Food Safety and Nutrition, 1996-1999
• American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Mass Media Science and Engineering Fellowship, 1985
• Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives, 2003-2006
• National Institute of Sciences/National Institute of Medicine
  • Consultant, Committee on the Framework for Evaluating the Safety of Dietary Supplements, 2002

• Hod Ogden Medal of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control / Association of State and Territorial Directors of Health Promotion and Public Health Education for imaginative and creative efforts have positively influenced the advancement of health education, 2003. Recognized for “his innovative and creative musical approach to educate the public about food safety.”

• Safety of Pesticides in Foods Act of 1991. HR 2342, June 19, 1991. U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Health and the Environment.
• Risks and Benefits of Pesticides. July 14, 1993. U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture, Subcommittee on Department Operations and Nutrition.
• Food Quality Protection Act of 1995. HR 1627, June 7, 1995. U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Health and the Environment.
• Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. S 1166, June 11, 1996. U.S. Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry (written testimony only).

• C.K. Winter  Organic Growing Pains. Food Technology 60(1): 84 (2006).
• C.K. Winter Food Safety – Other Contaminants. In: Caballero, B., L. Allen, and A. Prentice, eds., Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition. Elsevier, Amsterdam, ps. 340-344 (2005).
• C.K. Winter Pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables. In: Jongen, W. ed., Improving the Safety of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables. Woodhead Publishing and CRC Press, Cambridge, England, ps. 135-155 (2005).
• C.K. Winter Pesticides in food. In: Dabrowski, W.M. and Z.E. Sikorski, eds., Toxins in Food. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, ps. 251-268 (2005).
• E. Jeffery, C.K. Aron, M. Barrett, and C.K. Winter Prototype Focused Monograph: Review of Liver-Related Risks for Chaparral. In Dietary Supplements: A Framework for Evaluating Safety. Institute of Medicine and Natural Research Council, National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., ps. 385-449 (2005).
• C.K. Winter Surveillance for pesticide residues. In Watson, D.H., ed., Pesticide, Veterinary and Other Residues in Food. Woodhead Publishing and CRC Press, Cambridge, England, ps. 277-293 (2004).
• C.K. Winter   Exposure and dose-response modeling for food chemical risk assessment. In:   Schmidt, R.H. and G.E. Rodrick, eds., Food Safety Handbook. Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ, ps. 73-88 (2003).
• C.K. Winter   Pesticides and herbicides. Toxicology. In:   Caballero, B., L. Trugo, and P. Finglas, eds., Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2nd Edition, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, ps. 4494-4501 (2003).
• C.K. Winter  Electronic information resources for food toxicology. Toxicology   173: PS. 89-96 (2002).
• Whitford, F., J. Kronenberg, C. Lunchick, R. Tomerlin, J. Wolt, J. Driver, K.S. Rao, G. Arce, H. Spencer, C.K. Winter, and J. Klaunig. Human health risk assessment: Evaluating potential effects of pesticides on humans. In:   Whitford, F. (ed.) The Complete Book of Pesticide Management: Science, Regulation, Stewardship, and Communication, Wiley-Interscience, New York, ps. 8-115 (2002).
• Garcia, E. and C.K. Winter. Diet and cancer. In:   Cliver, D.O and Riemann, H.P., eds., Foodborne Diseases, 2nd Edition, Academic Press, San Diego, ps. 317-328 (2002).
• C.K. Winter Contaminant regulation and management in the United States: The case of pesticides. In:   Watson, D.H., ed., Food Chemical Safety: Volume 1: Contaminant, Woodhead Publishing and CRC Press, Cambridge, England, ps. 295-313 (2001).
• Browning, D.L. and C.K. Winter.  Agricultural Chemicals.   In:   Hui, Kitts, and Stanfield (eds.) Foodborne Disease Handbook, Volume 4:   Environmental Toxins, Marcel Dekker, New York. ps. 537-556 (2000)
• William Helferich and Carl K. Winter. Food Toxicology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 225 pages (book) (2000)
• Ditschun, T.L. and C.K. Winter. Food Additives.   In:   William Helferich and Carl K. Winter, (eds.) Food Toxicology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. P. 187-202 (2000)
• Winter, C.K. Pesticide residues in food.   In:   William Helferich and Carl K. Winter, (eds.)   Food Toxicology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. P.163-185 (2000)
• Garcia, E.L. and C.K. Winter. Toxicology and risk assessment.   In:   F.J. Francis (ed.), Wiley Encyclopedia of Food Science and Technology, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. P. 2352-2356. (2000)
• Garcia, E.L. and C.K. Winter.  Pesticide residues in food.   In:   F.J. Francis (ed.), Wiley Encyclopedia of Food Science and Technology, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. P. 1868-1871. (2000)
• Garcia, E.L. and C.K. Winter.  Food safety and risk management.   In:   F.J. Francis (ed.), Wiley Encyclopedia of Food Science and Technology, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. P. 1012-1014. (2000)
• Garcia, E.L. and C.K. Winter.  Food safety and risk communication.   In:   F.J. Francis (ed.), Wiley Encyclopedia of Food Science and Technology, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. P. 1009-1011. (2000)
• Carl K. Winter Pesticides and human health:   The influence of pesticides on levels of naturally-occurring plant and fungal toxins.   In:   Nancy Ragsdale and James N. Seiber, (eds.), Pesticides:   Managing Risks and Optimizing Benefits.   ACS Symposium Series 734, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., P. 165-173, (1999)
• Carl K. Winter  EPA's implementation of the Food quality Protection Act. Food Technology52 (11):148 (1998)
• Bruhn, C.M., C.K. Winter, G.A. Beall, S. Brown, J.O. Harwood, C.L. Lamp, G. Stanford, Y.J. Steinbring, and B. Turner. Consumer response to pesticide/food safety risk statements:   Implications for consumer education. Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 18:278-287 (1998)
• Pinot, F., E.D. Caldas, C. Schmidt, D.G. Gilchrist, A.D. Jones, C.K. Winter and B.D. Hammock.  Characterization of epoxide hydrolase activity in Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici. Possible involvement in toxin production-Epoxide hydrolase in alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici. Mycopathologia 140(1):51-58 (1997)
• Winter, C.K. and F.J. Francis. Assessing, Managing, and Communicating Chemical Food Risks. Food Technology 51:85-92 (1997)
• Winter, C.K., D.G. Gilchrist, M. Dickman, and C. Jones.  Chemistry and biological activity of AAL toxins. In: Jackson, L., DeVries, J., and Bullerman, L., Eds., Fumonisins in Foods, American Chemical Society 26:307-316 (1996)
• Winter, C.K..  Pesticide residues in foods: recent events and emerging issues. Weed Technol. 10:969-973 (1996)
• Caldas, E.D., A.D. Jones, C.K. Winter, B. Ward, and D.G. Gilchrist. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Sphinganine Analog Mycotoxins. Anal. Chem. 67:(1)196-207 (1995)
• Caldas, E.D., A.D. Jones, B. Ward, C.K. Winter, and D.G. Gilchrist. Structural characterization of three new AAL toxins produced by Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42:327-333 (1994)
• Winter, C.K.. Lawmakers should recognize uncertainties in risk assessment. California Agriculture 48:21-29 (1993)
• Winter, C.K.. Pesticide residues and the Delaney Clause. Food Technology 47:81-86 (1993)
• Jones, A.D., C.K. Winter, M.H. Buonarati, and H.J. Segall.   Analysis of mercapturic acid conjugates of xenobiotic compounds using negative ionization and tandem mass spectrometry. Biol. Mass Spectrom. 22:68-76 (1993)
• Winter, C.K..  Dietary pesticide risk assessment. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 127:23-67 (1992)
• Winter, C.K..  Pesticide tolerances and their relevance as safety standards. Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 15:137-150 (1992)
• Dinoff, T.M., C.K. Winter, A.D. Jones, and R. New.  An evaluation of sample preparation techniques for the GC/MS analysis of urinary mercapturic acid conjugates. J. Anal. Toxicol. 16: 147-151 (1992)
• Beall, G.A., C.M. Bruhn, A.L. Craigmill, and C.K. Winter.  Pesticides and your food: How safe is "safe"? California Agriculture 45(4):4-11 (1991)
• Winter, C.K. and A.D. Jones.  Artifact formation in the GC/MS analysis of Zolone EC (Phosalone) insecticide formulation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 39:1113-1117 (1991)
• Segall, H.J., D.W. Wilson, M.W. Lame, D. Morin, and C.K. Winter.  Metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. In: Keeler, R.F. and A.T. Tu, eds., Handbook of Natural Toxins, Volume 6: Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. Marcel Dekker, New York, p. 3-26 (1991)
• Winter, C.K..  Rigorous produce testing does not protect consumers from pesticides. In: Bernards, N., ed., The Environmental Crisis: Opposing Viewpoints. Greenhaven Press, San Diego, California, ps. 86-90 (1991)
• Archibald, S.O. and C.K. Winter.  Pesticides in food: Assessing the risks. In: Winter, C.K., J.N. Seiber, and C.F. Nuckton, eds., Chemicals in the Human Food Chain. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, p. 1-50 (1990)
• Winter, C.K..  Natural toxins in the human food chain: Toxins of plant origin. In: Winter, C.K., J.N. Seiber, and C.F. Nuckton, eds., Chemicals in the Human Food Chain. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, p. 221-237 (1990)
• Winter, C.K., J.N. Seiber, and C.F. Nuckton.  Chemicals in the Human Food Chain. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 276 p. (1990)
• Dercks, W., J.T. Trumble, and C.K. Winter. Impact of atmospheric pollution alters linear furanocoumarin content in celery. J. Chem. Ecol. 16:443-454 (1990)
• Segall, H.J., D.W. Wilson, D.S. Griffin, C.K. Winter, D.M. Morin, and M.W. Lame.  The identification, metabolism and toxicity associated with the macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. In: Ownby, C.L. and G.V. Odell, eds., Natural Toxins: Characterization, Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Pergamon, New York, ps. 30-40 (1989)
• Archibald, S.O. and C.K. Winter.  Pesticide residues and cancer risks. California Agriculture 43(6):6-9 (1989)
• Winter, C.K. and H.J. Segall.  Metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. In: Cheeke, P.R., ed., Toxicants of Plant Origin, Volume I: Alkaloids CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, p. 23-40 (1989)
• Winter, C.K., H.J. Segall, and A.D. Jones.  Species differences in the hepatic microsomal metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 90C:429-433 (1988)
• Winter, C.K., A.D. Jones, and H.J. Segall.  Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolites from mouse liver microsomes using MS/MS and GC/MS. Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. 15:265-273 (1988)
• Winter, C.K., H.J. Segall, and A.D. Jones. Distribution of trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and tandem mass spectrometric detection of its urinary mercapturic acid in the rat. Drug Metab. Dispos. 15:608-612 (1987)
• Winter, C.K., H.J. Segall, and W.F. Haddon.  Formation of cyclic adducts of deoxyguanosine by reaction with trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in vitro. Cancer Research 46:5682-5686 (1986)
• Winter, C.K. and P.H. Kurtz. Factors influencing grape worker susceptibility to skin rashes. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 35:418-426 (1985)
• Maddy, K.T., R.G. Wang, J.B. Knaak, C.L. Liao, S.C. Edmiston, and C.K. Winter. Risk assessment of excess pesticide exposure to workers in California. In Dermal Exposure Related to Pesticide Use, R.C. Honeycutt, G. Zweig, and N.N. Ragsdale, eds., ACS Symposium Series 273, American Chemical Society, Washington, p. 445-465 (1984)